Periyar Lake, nestled in the beautiful state of Kerala in India, offers a unique opportunity to witness the breathtaking sight of Asian elephants and tigers in their natural environment, right from the tranquil waters. This expansive 2,695-acre (10.9 square kilometers) reservoir houses the renowned Periyar Tiger Reserve, located within the vast expanse of Periyar National Park, a sanctuary with a rich history dating back to the colonial era. Initially established as the Periyar Lake Reserve in 1899 to protect the hunting grounds of the Travancore kings, it later became a game sanctuary in 1934 and was incorporated into the national park in 1982. Today, the park covers approximately 357 square miles (925 square kilometers), protecting a lush tropical forest along the fringes of the former Periyar River​. Constructed during British colonial rule, the dam that spans the Periyar River created a reservoir serving as a vital water source. Despite being within the boundaries of Kerala, the dam operation falls under the authority of Tamil Nadu and is secured through a lengthy lease agreement. With a backdrop of mostly tea and spice farms, this tranquil rural setting offers a pace of living very different from the busy urban hubs.
The Periyar Lake region serves as a sanctuary for diverse exotic and endangered species, with the local populace transitioning from traditional hunting and fishing to conservation efforts. Former poachers now act as forest guardians, playing a pivotal role in safeguarding wildlife. The success of these conservation initiatives has saved numerous endangered species and created alternative livelihoods through spice and tea cultivation, fostering a thriving eco-tourism industry. Exploration in this pristine environment offers a range of activities, from bamboo rafting on the lake to immersive nature trails and jungle treks led by knowledgeable local guides. Inclusive of challenging night treks under the watchful eye of armed guards, visitors can witness the wonders of the wilderness up close. The opportunity to spend a night in a rustic tree house, surrounded by the sights and sounds of the jungle, provides a truly unique experience. A highlight of any visit to Periyar Lake is a boat cruise, offering a chance to observe the local wildlife basking along the shoreline. The cruise schedules, though informal, promise rewarding sightings, especially during the early mornings and late evenings when animals gather by the water. The national park near Thekkady presents a natural oasis best explored between September and May when the animals frequent the lakeshores due to diminishing water sources. For those seeking a less demanding adventure, elephant rides, bullock cart tours, and jeep safaris offer alternative means to explore the picturesque countryside. Guided tours to tea and spice plantations and cycling excursions along the country roads provide a glimpse into the local way of life. Although regulated, camping within the national park offers a rustic overnight experience surrounded by the wilderness. Periyar Lake, a commercial fishing hub, showcases the potential for developing sport fishing activities. The wetlands and submerged trees along the shores provide a rich breeding ground for aquatic life, reflecting the water’s ecological significance. Amidst water management debates, the Mullaperiyar Dam’s future faces uncertainty, with plans for constructing a new dam downstream to ensure resource sustainability for the park and irrigation needs. The wildlife at Periyar Lake continues to flourish in peace despite the problems with water resources, beckoning visitors to take in the tranquil beauty of its home. Make your way to Periyar Lake and be enchanted by the harmonious existence of exotic creatures in this idyllic setting.