Trout Lake in Vilas County, Wisconsin, is a prominent feature in the region known for its abundant lakes and natural beauty. Situated near Boulder Junction and Arbor Vitae, this lake spans 6.208 square miles (16.079 km²) with a volume of 0.058 cubic miles (0.240 km³), making it one of the largest lakes in Vilas County. The lake boasts 16.1 miles (25.9 km) of shoreline, much of which remains undeveloped, providing a pristine environment for various recreational activities and wildlife. The lake has seven islands: Miller Island, Zimmerman Island, Haunted Island, Easter Island, Fisk Island, Chocolate Drop Island, and an unnamed island.
Trout Lake is a dimictic oligotrophic lake, meaning it undergoes mixing twice a year and has low nutrient levels, supporting many sport fish. This makes it a popular destination for anglers. The contributing watershed of the lake covers an area of 43.44 square miles (112.52 km²). The lake reaches a maximum depth of 117 feet (35.66 m) and has a significant fetch, the longest distance across the water without obstruction, of 3.65 miles (5.87 km).
The lake’s origin as a glacial drainage lake classifies it as a kettle lake, characterized by its gravel, marble, rubble, and bedrock bottom. Its primary inflows include North Creek, Stevenson Creek, Allequash Creek, and Mann Creek. The water quality is high, with visibility ranging between 9 feet 2 inches and 34 feet 9 inches annually.
Trout Lake’s flora and fauna create a rich tapestry of life. The lake’s flora includes 16 species of submersed macrophytes, while its fauna is diverse, with 42 fish species recorded, including lake trout, lake whitefish, northern pike, and muskellunge. The surrounding area is a haven for wildlife, including black bears and white-tailed deer. Despite its popularity, Trout Lake has faced environmental challenges such as the invasive rusty crayfish and the banded mystery snail.
Trout Lake’s significance transcends its natural beauty. Historically, the lake and its surroundings were significant to the Ojibwa people and later became a site for logging operations and tourism. Trout Lake served as the site of the first field station for the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR), and it continues to be a focal point for ecological study, especially from the University of Wisconsin–Madison’s Trout Lake research station. This rich history and ongoing research underscore the importance of preserving and respecting Trout Lake and its ecosystem.